Tuesday, December 31, 2019
Rules for Japanese Letter Format
The difference between written language and conversational language in Japanese is much greater than in English. Japanese letters often use classical grammar patterns which are seldom used in conversation. Although there are no particular rules when writing to close friends, there are many set expressions and honorific expressions (Keigo) used in formal letters. A conversational style is not usually used when writing formal letters. Opening and Closing Words The opening and closing words in letters, which are similar to Englishs Dear and Sincerely etc., come in pairs. Haikei æ‹ å•“ - Keigu æ• ¬Ã¥â€¦ ·The most common pair used in formal letters. Women sometimes use Kashikoã ‹ã â€"ã “ as a closing word instead of Keigu.Zenryaku å‰ ç• ¥ - Sousou è ‰ã€…This pair is less formal. It is usually used when you dont have time to write a long letter, so that the preliminary greetings are omitted. Zenryaku literally means, omitting the preliminary remarks. Preliminary Greetings Ogenki de irasshaimasu ka. (very formal)ã Šå…Æ'æ °â€"㠧ã „ら㠣ã â€"ã‚Æ'㠄㠾㠙㠋。Have you been doing well? Ogenki desu ka.ã Šå…Æ'æ °â€"㠧㠙㠋。Have you been doing well? Ikaga osugoshi de irasshaimasu ka. (very formal)ã „ã ‹ã Å'ã Šé Žã â€Ã£ â€"㠧ã „ら㠣ã â€"ã‚Æ'㠄㠾㠙㠋。How have you been? Ikaga osugoshi desu ka.ã „ã ‹ã Å'ã Šé Žã â€Ã£ â€"㠧㠙㠋。How have you been? Okagesama de genki ni shite orimasu. (very formal)㠊㠋㠒㠕㠾㠧å…Æ'æ °â€"㠫ã â€"㠦㠊り㠾㠙。Fortunately Im doing well. Kazoku ichidou genki ni shite orimasu.Ã¥ ® ¶Ã¦â€" ä ¸â‚¬Ã¥ Å'å…Æ'æ °â€"㠫ã â€"㠦㠊り㠾㠙。The whole family is doing well. Otegami arigatou gozaimashita.ã Šæ‰‹ç ´â„¢Ã£ ‚ã‚Šã Å'㠨ã †ã â€Ã£ â€"㠄㠾ã â€"㠟。Thank you for your letter. Nagai aida gobusata shite orimashite moushiwake gozaimasen. (very formal)é• ·Ã£ „éâ€"“ã â€Ã§â€ž ¡Ã¦ ²â„¢Ã¦ ± °Ã£ â€"㠦㠊り㠾ã â€"㠦熳ã â€"è ¨ ³Ã£ â€Ã£ â€"㠄㠾㠛ん。I apologize for neglecting to write for such a long time. Gobusata shite orimasu.ã â€Ã§â€ž ¡Ã¦ ²â„¢Ã¦ ± °Ã£ â€"㠦㠊り㠾㠙。Im sorry I havent written for a long time. These expressions or seasonal greetings can be combined in a variety of ways to form the preliminary greeting. The Japanese have long admired the seasonal changes, therefore it seems too abrupt to start a letter without the proper seasonal greeting. Here are some examples. Gobusata shite orimasu ga, ogenki de irasshaimasu ka.ã â€Ã§â€ž ¡Ã¦ ²â„¢Ã¦ ± °Ã£ â€"㠦㠊り㠾ã ™ã Å'〠㠊å…Æ'æ °â€"㠧ã „ら㠣ã â€"ã‚Æ'㠄㠾㠙㠋。Im sorry I havent written for a long time, but have you been doing well? Sukkari aki rashiku natte mairimashita ga, ikaga osugoshi de irasshaimasu ka.㠙㠣ã ‹ã‚Šç §â€¹Ã£â€šâ€°Ã£ â€"ã 㠪㠣㠦㠾ã „り㠾ã â€"ã Ÿã Å'〠㠄㠋ã Å'ã Šé Žã â€Ã£ â€"㠧ã „ら㠣ã â€"ã‚Æ'㠄㠾㠙㠋。It has become very autumn like; how have you been? Samui hi ga tsuzuite orimasu ga, ikaga osugoshi desu ka.Ã¥ ¯â€™Ã£ „æâ€" ¥Ã£ Å'ç ¶Å¡Ã£ „㠦㠊り㠾ã ™ã Å'〠㠄㠋ã Å'ã Šé Žã â€Ã£ â€"㠧㠙㠋。Cold days continue; how have you been? Final Greetings Douka yoroshiku onegai itashimasu.㠩㠆㠋よ゠ã â€"ã ã Šé ¡ËœÃ£ „ã â€"㠾㠙。Kindly look after this matter for me. ~ ni yoroshiku otsutae kudasai.㠫よã‚ ã â€"ã ã Šä ¼ ã ˆã ã ã •ã „。Please give my regards to ~. Minasama ni douzo yoroshiku.皆æ §ËœÃ£ «Ã£ ©Ã£ †ã žã‚ˆã‚ ã â€"ã 。Please give my regards to everyone. Okarada o taisetsu ni.ã Šä ½â€œÃ£â€šâ€™Ã¥ ¤ §Ã¥Ë†â€¡Ã£ «Ã£â‚¬â€šPlease take care of yourself. Douzo ogenki de.㠩㠆㠞㠊å…Æ'æ °â€"㠧。Take care of yourself. Ohenji omachi shite orimasu.ã Šè ¿â€Ã¤ ºâ€¹Ã£ Šå ¾â€¦Ã£ ¡Ã£ â€"㠦㠊り㠾㠙。I look forward to hearing from you.
Monday, December 23, 2019
John Updikes AP and Hemingways Hills Like White Elephants
Love between two genders is one of the most common themes in writing. In literature, love is often praised, appreciated and cherished. Another common theme in writing is the looming specter of inequality between men and women, which has been strongly depicted throughout history and is still worryingly present in the world today. It is extremely interesting to realize that though love is treasured and valued, in most cases, it takes both genders to create love, and those genders are often separated by inequality. Both these themes coincide well together; the clash of love and gender inequality is interestingly captivating. In John Updikes AP and Ernest Hemingway’s Hills Like White Elephants, both stories send a conclusive message to the reader that equality between both sexes in love and attraction is almost impossible; one gender will always be more powerful than the other. In AP by John Updike, the story portrays men as being submissive to women through sexual attraction. From the instant that the three girls walk into the AP dressed only in revealing little bathing suits, they grasped the attention of every man in the store. Walking through the isles, acting completely nonchalant and confident, their attractiveness hypnotizes the men, leaving them in a submissive state. The girls, especially Queenie, the leader of the bunch, are aware of the attention they are getting from the opposite sex. This attention they are getting through their sexual attractivenessShow MoreRelatedEssay on Male Chauvinism in John Updike and Ernest Hemingway1412 Words  | 6 PagesMale Chauvinism in John Updike and Ernest Hemingway John Updike and Ernest Hemingway struggle to portray women in a positive light; because of this, Updike’s and Hemingway’s readers come away from their stories with the effect that the lead male characters are chauvinistic, which can be defined as â€Å"prejudiced devotion to any attitude or cause†(â€Å"Chauvinism†228). In John Updike’s â€Å"A P†, three girls shop in the local A P and are described head to toe by the nineteen year old cashierRead MoreThe Tell Tale Heart Analysis1295 Words  | 6 PagesIt can also be said that the style utilizes realistic techniques using narratives with surreal or dreamlike elements. An example of Magic realism in Sherman Alexie’s short story is how Thomas Builds-the-fire jumped off the roof and flapped his arms like an eagle. They describes him as â€Å"flying†. The story also likens his broken arm to that of a broken â€Å"wing†. Sherman Alexie uses this technique as he is an Indigenous American with ancestry for many different Native American tribes. What are the characteristicsRead MoreANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words  | 116 Pagesinternal, in which case the issue to be resolved is one within the protagonist’s psyche or personality. External conflict may reflect a basic opposition between man and nature (such as in Jack London’s famous short story â€Å"To Build a Fire†or Ernest Hemingway’s â€Å"The Old Man and the Sea†) or between man and society (as in Richard Wright’s â€Å"The Man Who Was Almost a Man†). It may also take the form of an opposition between man and man (between the protagonist and a human adversary, the antagonist), as, for
Sunday, December 15, 2019
Haymarket Riot Free Essays
As result of the Industrial Revolution, people in America earned more money, most of which they used to open new businesses and factories. There were now many different types of machines to do the work that people had to do themselves in the past. Thus, machines rapidly replaced people. We will write a custom essay sample on Haymarket Riot or any similar topic only for you Order Now Now with less people working and getting paid, there were people that could afford what these factories were making. Most of the people working in the United States at this time were immigrants, so they were forced to work for very low wages. A working adult would be considered lucky to bring home a daily income of only $2. 00. Kids on the other hand, only made about 70 cents a day for spending their entire childhood sorting through coal or performing other strenuous jobs. Most people worked between ten and fourteen hours each day with peanuts for income. As result, Chicago Illinois, as well as many other cities in the United States, fell into poverty. However, not all employees at this time were cruel and blackhearted. Most at the time though just wanted to get the most out of their employees for the least amount of pay. Soon the Labor Union movement started. People in this union wanted to ban child labor, increase pay, and to create shorter workdays. Conflict after conflict broke out spawning from the Labor Union; many of which the police were brought in to settle. By 1886, the major concern of the Labor Union was to establish an eight-hour workday. By now there were several unions, all of which could not agree with one another on how to fight for this rightfully deserved demand. Finally, the Knights of Labor, who originated in Chicago, organized a nation wide strike. However, the newspapers, business leaders, and politicians didn t agree with these actions. They said, the new eight-hour workday would promote loafing, gambling, rioting, debauchery and drunkenness (Simon). Knowing that they would be fired, workers still stood up for what they believed in and followed through with the strike. On May1, 1886, the strike stared. More than 300,000 workers went on strike in nine different cities across the vast nation. One of these cities was Boston. However, only a few employers nation wide granted their employees the shorter workday. As result, the next two months were filled with the police, the strikers, and the scabs. Scabs were people who refused to go on strike with the rest of their coworkers. They acquired this name from the angry strikers. On May 3, 1886, more than 500 strikers met up with some scabs as they were leaving a plant in Chicago. The agitated mob blasted the scabs with sticks, rocks, and just about anything they could possible get their hands on. This continued until police arrived and eventually broke up the fight. August Spies then proceeded to organize a protest meeting in Haymarket Square. The strikers were told to be armed in case the police resorted to violence on them. The following day when Spies came to the meeting he spoke in front of about 1,200 people. Albert Parsons, along with Spies and other speakers, spoke of the McCormick riot, and the rights and the responsibilities of the American worker. Then as it began to rain, people slowly began to leave and head home. One of the many to leave was the mayor of the city, Charter H. Harrison. On the way home he stopped off at the police station to tell the officers on stand-by that they could go home because the protest was peaceful. About ten minutes later, two undercover agents came to the police station and said that there were some offensive things being said at the protest, and that the officers should go break it up. When the police arrived at Haymarket Square, some words as well as actions were shared between the strikers and the police. Before long, a bomb was anonymously thrown into the crowd of police. This was the first time a bomb like this was used in the United States. Quickly responding to the bomb, the police officers began to fire into the crowd of strikers and all hell broke loose. As result of the bomb, one police officer was killed instantly, and six others died within the next two weeks because of serious wounds. The following day the newspapers were loaded with headlines which accused Spies, Parsons, and Fielden of releasing this deadly bomb into the crowd. Some newspapers even said that the Haymarket riot, anarchists, and socialists were the reason for other disturbances around the country. They said that punishments should be dealt to Spies, Parsons and Fielden, because people of the United States were accusing them of murder. However, one newspaper reported that if the police hadn t raided the protest, there wouldn t have been a bomb thrown, because there wouldn t have been anything to spark the argument. Another newspaper, the Labor Enquirer, wrote in one of it s articles, twice as many honest men were murdered in coal mines as have been killed in Chicago, and there isn t any noise at all about it (americanhistory. com). Still other papers wrote that is working and living conditions were better, then none of this probably would have happened. Captain Michael J. Shaak was so outraged by the Haymarket riot that he arrested hundreds of people who attended the protest that day, or even the people who were suspected of being there. While making all these arrests, the captain discovered secret societies and bombs, on top of many other conspiracies. Without warrants, he continued his investigation by breaking into houses. Then he proceeded to beat and bribe people into saying that they were witnesses to what went on in the Haymarket Square. However, out of all these hundreds of people who were arrested, only eight people were brought to an actual trial. These eight people were August Spies, Albert Parsons, Samuel Fielden, Adolph Fisher, Michael Schwabb, Louis Lingg, Oscar Neebee, and George Engel. Horribly enough, only three out of these eight men were actually at Haymarket square when the riot broke out. On June 21, 1886, the trial for these eight men began. The defendants were said to be the underdogs because the jury was hand-picked by Judge Joseph E. Gary, who desperately wanted these men to be convicted of murder. Many people considered the defendants guilty, and these people wanted the men to face the same punishment as the people who lost their lives in the riot. In other words, they were wanted dead. Before the trial started, Judge Joseph E. Gary was quoted saying, those fellows are going to be hanged as certain as death (Encarta 99). The main attack by the defense during the trial was that the jury was prejudice. However, the judge simply overruled all these attempts made by the defense, and the unfair trial proceeded. During the trial, the state s attorney was allowed to ask whatever he wanted to. Also, the defense was not allowed to cross-examine the witnesses, who were mostly police men or false witnesses, in order to convict the men of the crime. As the trial proceeded, the police repedily showed bombs and referred to the men as anarchists. Even though there was no evidence to prove that the defendants knew anything about the bomb or who threw it, they were eventually convicted of murder. On the morning of August 20, the jury entered the courtroom with their verdict. Seven out of the eight men on trial were sentenced to death. Oscar Neebee was the only one who was sentenced to jail time. He received a whopping fifteen years in jail for a crime he did not even commit. However, he was the only one out of the eight men who was allowed to live. Some newspapers reported that these men were on trial only because of their political views. However, most people did not care to agree with these statements and controversy continues to brew. When the verdict was announced that dreadful morning, people outside the courtroom lit up with excitement and joy. Some were so happy that they were willing to award the jury with a cash bonus just for convicting the defendants. The only people that were sad over the verdict were the families of the defense, the lawyers, and of course the defendants themselves. The press then went on to say that the only bad thing about the whole trial was that the defendants were not able to appeal seeing as how they were sentenced to death. Appeal to the verdict was exactly what the defendants lawyers did. On March 13, 1887, six judges from the Illinois Supreme Court met in Ottawa to listen to the appeal. When the judges were done reviewing the case they admitted that it was a very unfair trial. However, they failed to do anything about it. The defense attorney, Mr. Black, then tried for an appeal at U. S. court headquarters, but they refused to even look at the case. Finally the defense went to their last resort, the governor of Illinois, to ask for a pardon. It was great timing by the defense because the public was beginning to feel sorry for the seven doomed men. Some people wrote to the governor stating that the only thing these men were guilty of was their opinion. Finally the governor decided to hold a hearing for these men. That day was filled with a lot of appeals and arguments. On November 11, 1887, the governor announced that there would be no pardon. However, now only four out of the eight men would be executed. It would have been five but Louis Lingg was found earlier that morning with half his head blown off. It was ruled a suicide. Michael Shwab and Samuel Fielden got their death sentences lessened to life in prison. So now Parsons, Spies, Fisher, and Engel would be put to death. Amazingly they accepted this sentence without any outrage or resistance. That same day, the four remaining men walked to their deathsite. As they were being prepared to be hanged, Spies bellowed out his last words which were, There will come a time when our silence will be more powerful than the voices you strangle today! Immediately after Parsons let out his final words, Will I be allowed to speak for men of America? Let the voice of the people be heard! But before they could all finish they were hanged. Their funeral was held at Waldheim Cemetery, and was attended by more than fifteen thousand people. Eventually what these courageous men fought for was granted. The eight men hour workday was established, and these eight men became known as heroes. After these men were killed, the governor of Illinois, John P. Altged, reviewed the case and issued a pardon for all eight men that were tried. He discovered that the jurors were unfair, what the judge did was illegal, and ultimately that all eight men were innocent. As result, the three men in jail, Feilden, Schwab, and Neebee, were all released from jail and acquitted of all charges. Still to this day, it is unknown who threw the bomb in Haymarket Square, and killed the policemen. We will probably never know who the actual bomber really was. However, there is now an international workers holiday on May 1, dedicated to what went down that day in Haymarket Square, which has now became known as the Haymarket Riot. How to cite Haymarket Riot, Essay examples
Friday, December 6, 2019
Thematic Response free essay sample
As humans, we need to understand that everything has to come to an end. The writers in the movie Meet Joe Black exposed this theme by not making us feel sad about death. When you watch this movie, you dont cry, you understand that Joe has to leave and Bill Parish is going to die. Just like Bill said There is nothing for sure in life but death and taxes. By the way that the writers present the movie, you understand that everything comes to an end Just as the ultimate theme states. Some conversations repeated throughout the story regarding the theme would be the experiences in life. For example, the Jamaican woman in the hospital wanted Joe to take her because she understood it was her time. She even said in the movie that, at one point or another, we are all lonely in the end as Bill Parish expressed when he was talking about his wife dying. We will write a custom essay sample on Thematic Response or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page She told Joe that she understood she was dying, but you could tell that she was content with the fact of it. These conversations help us understand that once we experience all that life has to offer, that someone, hether it is you or the people you are leaving behind, will be lonely in the end. Many little themes were portrayed by the characters. Death was obviously represented by Joe Black. Love was seen in the characters Susan, Joe and Parish. It was seen in Susan because she showed Joe how to love, and be loved. Love was seen in Parish because he showed compassion in everyone he met and by the way he showed his love for his daughters and the loss or his wife. Joe clearly showed love by loving Susan. When he wanted to take her with him, he let her go leaving her lonely. But after he left, as a present he let her have back the young man she had met in the coffee shop whom she had really fallen in love with. The main theme was shown in Bill Parish because he had experienced all that life had to offer for him. He had experienced the Joys in life from the materialistic objects, to the loves of his life, his children and wife. Drew expressed greed. He was trying to take over the company and was using black mail in the process. He did all of this so he could get Parish fired and make more money. All of the characters in this movie had a theme placed upon hem. The authors of Meet Joe Black show theme through action. For example, when Black eats peanut butter for dinner, Susan comments on how Joe likes peanut butter and how its the simple things in life that fills up life with happiness. They also show theme when the daughter Allison is trying to get her father to try the cakes for his party. When he finally does, it shows us, the viewers, that love can be expressed in the simplest ways, such as using a little compassion. All the actions that are shown through theme are at the dinners at the fathers house. The themes that were shown, they were presenting that the little things in life, objects or actions, fill our emotions or show how we express compassion or Jealousy. In conclusion this movie has many little themes placed in it, but the biggest theme we need to understand is that everything has to come to an end. It is conveyed through the writers, the actions of characters and through conversations. From all of this, you can understand that the theme of the movie Meet Joe Black is that once everything is done, it has to come to an end.
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